Articles

Learn how 172 IP address ranges are used on private networks, how they differ from other RFC 1918 ranges, and where you are likely to see them.

Find out what 192.168.1.11 is used for, how to reach the router login page at this address, and what to do if it does not work on your network.

Learn how to sign in to a router at 192.168.11.1, which devices commonly use this address, and how to fix common login issues.

See how 192.168.188.1 is used on home routers, how to log in to the admin panel, and what to try if the address does not respond.

Find out how easy it is for websites, apps, and other users to see your IP address and what that information can reveal about you.

Understand why websites show a different IP address than local tools like ipconfig, and what that difference means for your network.

Learn what it means to assign an external IP address directly to a computer, when it is used, and the security implications of doing so.

Follow practical steps to change your local IP address, renew the address from your router, or present a different public IP to websites.

Get a quick guide to essential IP-related commands on DOS and Windows, including ipconfig, ping, tracert, and netstat.

Learn the differences between MAC and IP addresses, how each operates at different network layers, and why you need both.

Understand the difference between private and public IP addresses, how each is used, and why NAT is necessary in modern networks.

Review seven common methods for hiding or masking your IP address, plus the pros and cons of each approach.

Compare static and dynamic IP addressing, how each works, and which scenarios benefit from one or the other.

Learn why websites or services temporarily block IP addresses, what this error means, and how to regain access.

Discover what IP address management (IPAM) is, why organizations need it, and how IPAM tools help maintain clean, reliable networks.

Learn what your router’s IP address is, how to find it on different devices, and how it differs from your public IP.

Learn what a broadcast IP address is, how it is calculated, and how broadcast traffic behaves on IPv4 networks.

Understand what qualifies as a private IP address, which ranges are reserved, and how private addresses are used in home and business networks.

Learn what virtual IP (VIP) addresses are, how they are used in load balancing and high availability, and how to configure them.

Get a foundational explanation of what an IP address is, how it identifies devices, and why it is essential for internet communication.

Learn what the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) does on local networks and how it maps IP addresses to MAC addresses.

Understand how the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automatically assigns IP settings to devices on a network.

Learn how dynamic network address translation (NAT) works, how it differs from static NAT, and when to use it.

Explore how IP fragmentation works, why it exists, and how attackers can abuse it in fragmentation-based attacks.

Learn what IP spoofing is, how attackers forge source addresses, and what measures can reduce spoofing risks.

Learn what IPv4 is, how IPv4 addressing works, and why exhaustion of IPv4 space led to the development of IPv6.

Understand what IPv6 is, how IPv6 addressing differs from IPv4, and the benefits of deploying IPv6 in modern networks.

Learn what NAT64 is, how it enables IPv6-only clients to reach IPv4 services, and what is required to deploy it effectively.

Find out why devices sometimes get an address in the 169.254.x.x range and what it means for your network connectivity.

Learn why some sites or services permanently ban IP addresses, how this differs from temporary blocks, and what you can do about it.

Understand what is and is not possible when trying to identify Facebook users by IP address, plus the privacy and legal issues involved.

Learn how to quickly find your IPv4 and IPv6 addresses on Windows 7, Windows 10, and Windows 11 using both GUI and command-line tools.

Learn what a default gateway is, why it matters, and how to find the default gateway IP address on common systems.

Locate your iPad’s IP address and related network details using the iPadOS settings app.

Discover multiple ways to find your Mac’s IP address, including System Settings, Terminal commands, and router tools.

Learn how to locate the IP address of your Roku device using the on-screen menus, your router, or mobile apps.

Explore ethical ways to find people online using publicly available information, while respecting privacy and avoiding shady tactics.

Learn several ways to find a network printer’s IP address so you can add it to computers, troubleshoot issues, or manage its web interface.

Use command-line tools and online services to look up the IP address behind a domain name, and understand what those results mean.

See where to find your iPhone’s local IP address on Wi‑Fi networks and how that differs from your public IP.

Learn how to properly report abuse originating from an IP address, including spam, hacking attempts, and network attacks.

Recognize the warning signs of phishing emails and learn practical steps to avoid falling for fake messages.

Understand different types of spam and learn strategies for reducing unwanted email, text messages, and social media spam.

See what you can realistically learn for free about where an email came from, using headers, WHOIS, and online tools.

Understand why IP geolocation can be inaccurate and what to do if services think you are in the wrong place.

Examine the privacy and security considerations of using Ring and similar smart doorbells, and how to configure them safely.

Get practical benchmarks for “good” internet speeds for streaming, gaming, video calls, and remote work.

Learn how IP geolocation determines approximate locations, how accurate it is, and what it means for privacy.

Understand common reasons IP addresses end up on blacklists and what you can do to investigate and resolve listings.

Understand what screen time really means, how it affects productivity and health, and practical ways to set limits on your devices.

Learn how to protect photos, messages, and app data on Android by using Google services and local backups.

Learn the difference between CC and BCC fields in email, when to use each, and how to avoid privacy mistakes.

Explore how the ipconfig command works on Windows, what each switch does, and when to use it for troubleshooting.

Learn how Apple’s Time Machine works, how to set it up, and how to restore files or a full system when something goes wrong.

Learn how to use nslookup on Windows, macOS, and Linux to query DNS records, troubleshoot name resolution, and verify configuration.

Understand how the Domain Name System turns human-friendly names into IP addresses and how it impacts everyday browsing.

Learn what ping measures, how latency affects your connection, and how to use ping tests effectively.

Learn how SSH secures remote logins, file transfers, and tunneling, and how to use it from the command line.

Get a high-level overview of the TCP/IP model, how packets move through the stack, and how it relates to the OSI model.

Understand how traceroute maps the path to a destination, how to read its output, and platform-specific variations.

A critical look at common VPN marketing claims and what these services can and cannot really protect you from.

A summary of research into student security habits and which simple steps are most often overlooked in day‑to‑day campus life.

An overview of how organizations perceive cloud security risk versus what incident data actually shows about misconfigurations and breaches.

Explore how scammers misuse QR codes, why they work so well in social engineering, and which behaviors make people more vulnerable.

See how a virtual private network can protect your privacy, secure public Wi‑Fi, and unlock region‑restricted content when used correctly.

Compare mainstream browsers from a privacy perspective and learn which settings matter more than brand names.

Learn what cookies are, when clearing them is useful, and how to remove them in popular browsers on Windows and macOS.

Learn how VPNs work under the hood, common use cases, and how to connect on Windows and macOS.

Understand what “online privacy” really means today and learn practical steps to limit data collection across devices and services.

Learn what the SpeedCheck project is, who it is for, and how we approach accuracy, transparency, and privacy.

An overview of how advertising works on SpeedCheck and the principles we follow to keep ads from interfering with testing.

A brief history of how SpeedCheck evolved from a basic test page into a broader collection of networking tools and guides.

Learn what 10.0.0.1 is used for, how to reach the router login page at this address, and what to do when it does not respond.

Understand what 192.168.0.1 is, how to access router settings at that address, and how to fix common connection problems.

Find out how to sign in to routers that use 192.168.1.1, change Wi‑Fi settings, and secure the admin interface.

See a quick overview of common default router IP addresses and login credentials, plus why you must change them.

Learn how to regain access to a router when you forget the admin password, plus how to secure it again afterward.

Learn practical steps to protect sensitive personal data such as addresses, ID numbers, and financial details when you use the internet.

Follow a concise checklist of habits and tools that dramatically improve your overall safety on the internet.

Recognize common warning signs of malware or account compromise and learn how to investigate them safely.

Learn how password managers work, why they are safer than reusing passwords, and how to use them effectively.

Understand what doxxing is, why it is dangerous, and how to reduce the chances of your personal details being exposed.

Learn how breach-check tools work, what they reveal about compromised accounts, and how to respond when your email appears in a breach.

Learn how to use a DNS lookup tool to inspect A, AAAA, MX, TXT, and other records, plus equivalent command-line queries.

See how browser-based speed tests measure download, upload, latency, and jitter, and how to run them for consistent results.

Understand what an IP address lookup can and cannot tell you about a visitor’s location, and how the SpeedCheck IP lookup tool works.

Una explicación en español de qué es una dirección IP, por qué es importante y cómo ver tu IP pública y privada.

Una guida in italiano che spiega come funzionano gli indirizzi IP e come trovare il tuo.

Une présentation en français de ce qu’est une adresse IP et des différences entre IP publique et privée.

Eine deutschsprachige Erklärung dazu, was eine IP‑Adresse ist und wie du deine eigene Adresse anzeigen kannst.

Learn practical ways to extend WiFi coverage using better placement, repeaters, mesh systems, and wired backhaul.

See when resetting a router makes sense, how to do it safely, and how to rebuild your WiFi network afterward.

Learn how to reduce the risks of public WiFi networks using encryption, VPNs, and good browsing habits.

Understand what an SSID is, how networks broadcast it, and how to find or change it on your devices.

Get a plain‑language explanation of how WiFi works, what affects speed and reliability, and how to choose the right standards.